物理学中的辩证自然观——控制、信息、系统与辩证自然观

和谐律、守恒律、方向律是自然辩证法中自然观的三大规律,它们贯穿、融合并体现于各具体学科的研究领域中。本文主要以自然辨证规律在控制与系统科学中的体现为依托,系统阐述物理学中控制系统理论与信息理论及其应用中自然观三大规律的具体表现。     

防区外多导弹协同突防复合制导研究

针对防区外多导弹协同突防要求导弹能够成功突破敌防御系统并击中目标的问题,提出了一种基于虚拟目标的复合制导规律。首先,在敌雷达探测范围的边缘设置虚拟目标,将导弹制导过程分为制导段Ⅰ和制导段Ⅱ。然后,研究了一种基于攻击时间和攻击角度控制的制导规律,使导弹在制导段Ⅰ按指定时间和角度追踪到虚拟目标,导弹转入制导段Ⅱ后在以攻击时间最短为指标函数的最优制导规律导引下攻击真实目标。仿真结果表明该复合制导规律大大提高了多导弹的整体突防能力。     

《人民武装警察法》合道德性评价

对实在法的评价是法的价值问题研究的一个重要内容。《武警法》是我国军事立法的一个重大突破,是武警部队建设与发展历史上的一座里程碑。从实在法合道德性评价的角度,对《武警法》的立法目的、颁布后所产生的社会反响及实施情况进行研究,以期社会特别是部队官兵对《武警法》的价值有更深刻的理解,进一步推进建设现代化武警的步伐,进一步促进各项任务的圆满完成。     

无奇点三维攻击时间控制滑模导引律

为研究导弹在视场角约束下的三维攻击时间控制问题,提出一种三维非线性滑模导引律。利用攻击时间误差设计滑模面,推导出三维形式的俯仰和偏航加速度指令;通过对所设计制导律进行简单修正,解决了零初始前置角引起的奇点问题;从数学上证明了该导引律的稳定性和收敛性,讨论了导引律相关参数的取值范围,分析了与纯比例导引法、解耦三维导引律之间的关系。仿真结果表明,所设计导引律能够在视场角约束条件下有效实现攻击时间增大或减小的控制;俯仰和偏航平面的耦合程度越强,该导引律控制能耗小的优势越为明显。     

电子产品在振动环境中的损伤效应研究

在分析电子装备结构特点及冲击振动环境影响因素基础上,阐述了电子产品在冲击振动环境中的损伤机理与模式。以某型雷达装备为试验对象,选取该装备某型组合体与电路板进行冲击振动与扫频振动试验,分析了电子产品在振动环境中的损伤规律。试验表明:电子产品在振动环境中的损伤不仅与振动类型及幅值有关,也与其自身结构有着密切的关系。     

Proportional use of force in asymmetric military operation

This paper studies a strategic conflict between a state and a non-state military organization. The non-state military organization decides whether to attack or not to attack the state, while the state decides on its counter-measure. If the state uses a high level of violence against the non-state organization, it may be accused by the international community of ‘non-proportional’ use of force, and both sides of the conflict take this possibility into account. The model predicts that it may be rational for the non-state organization to attack the state, even if as a reaction the state will militarily destroy this organization, due to a positive probability the state will be punished by the international community for non-proportional use of violence.     

Africa's toy soldiers,non-state armed groups,and ‘voluntary’ recruitment

Armed conflict on the African continent has witnessed increasing recruitment of child soldiers, often at the hands of non-state armed groups. Unfortunately this practice continues unabated in the face of legal obligations prohibiting the recruitment of child soldiers under international humanitarian law, and international and regional human rights law. While international condemnation of the practice has led to attempts to increase the minimum age for recruitment to 18, a disjuncture persists between the legal obligations states sign up to, and the actual enforcement of these prohibitions at a domestic level.

International criminal law jurisprudence emanating from the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the International Criminal Court is being monitored closely, as these courts seek to enforce the prohibition in all armed conflicts, and against both state actors and non-state armed groups. International humanitarian law only protects child soldiers who have been unlawfully recruited. In this piece, the authors take a closer look at what amounts to unlawful recruitment in light of customary international humanitarian law, since this body of law also binds non-state actors, even without further criminalising legislation at a domestic level. Moreover, the article briefly explores whether a child can ever void this protected status by volunteering to participate directly in hostilities.     

THE EXERCISE OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

Skeptics of the Bush administration have castigated its strong aversion to formal international agreements in responding to the threat of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), citing unilateral actions as the default alternative. Yet this critique misses the growing emergence of a conscious framework guiding the administration's actions: an emphasis on the exercise of national sovereignty and the corollary principle of sovereign responsibility. Rejecting the paradigm of arms control as the answer to WMD proliferation, the current administration instead advocates a toolkit of alternative mechanisms based on the full exercise by individual nation, states of their domestic authorities and rights under international law, acting in their capacities as responsible citizens of the global community. This paper will examine that philosophical approach and its concrete application through the following policies: (1) the Proliferation Security Initiative; (2) enforcement of national laws and regulations as exemplified by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 and the U.S. proposals for consideration by Biological Weapons Convention signatories; and (3) preemptive warfare to disarm the WMD programs of a threatening state.     

Reforming the notion of national sovereignty by external intervention

In principle, national sovereignty is the right of a nation to govern its internal affairs without foreign interference. In practice, it is defined by one's interpretation of international law, which may permit legal external intervention under some circumstances, ultimately removing a nation's sovereignty. This paper will examine the current system of international law outlined by the United Nations, analyse the ambiguities contained within its Charter and elaborate on how external intervention can be justified. The case-study of recent developments related to Libya will demonstrate that the manner in which international law is interpreted is changing the notion of principles of sovereignty.     

The practice and theory of British counterinsurgency: the histories of the atrocities at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul, 1938–1939

This article details two largely unreported atrocities by British forces operating against Arab rebels during the Arab revolt, 1936–9, at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul. It then examines the military-legal system that underpinned and authorised British military forces operating in aid of the civil power, suggesting that the law in place at the time allowed for a level of reprisals and punitive actions, such as happened at al-Bassa and Halhul. The article does not conclude that the law allowed for atrocities but it does argue that it gave a basic form and understanding to an operational method that was brutal and could lead to atrocities. It thus tests the idea in much of the literature on counterinsurgency that the British were restrained and used minimum force when compared to other colonial and neo-colonial powers fighting insurgents.